It seems like there’s no more buzz about BTC's L2 networks in 2025? Is the coin crashing too hard or is it a technical issue? Actually, why did the first wave of so-called “Bitcoin L2” completely fail? The answer is simple—because they weren’t truly Bitcoin L2s at all. They were just sidechains disguised as L2s, relying on trust for bridging and praying for exit. What happened then? Centralized bridges had issues and ran away, sequencers froze when they got stuck, user funds were trapped inside, unable to reach out or get help, and in the end, it all became a joke. Until now, when BitVM2 finally proved the way forward, trust-minimized bridging became a reliable reality. Native Bitcoin, permissionless, and capable of safe unilateral exits—L2s are finally no longer just PowerPoint slides. But if you look closely at the entire track, only one project has truly gone all the way, building the entire tech stack from zero to one. Only one L2 dares to fully decentralize the sequencer, preventing anyone from holding it hostage; only one L2 has developed a self-maintaining zkVM from scratch, without relying on any outsourced components; only one L2 dares to embed a sustainable BTC revenue model directly into the network layer, allowing users to genuinely earn Bitcoin instead of just hyping up air tokens. That is—@GOATRollup Goat Network. What makes Goat so impressive? Let me break it down: 1. Full-stack self-developed, zero outsourcing Others are patching things together, but GOAT writes everything from execution layer, proof layer, bridging, to ordering itself. This means: fast upgrades, quick bug fixes, no bottlenecks when facing issues. 2. Decentralized sequencer, truly permissionless It’s not about centralized nodes taking turns or pseudo-decentralized small groups. Goat distributes the ordering rights across the network, makes promises on BTC, anyone can participate, anyone can challenge. That’s the Bitcoin-style decentralization—either you come to compete or shut up. 3. In-house zkVM: Ziren (based on zkMIPS) It’s not just using off-the-shelf RISC0, SP1, Jolt; it’s a custom high-performance zkVM. The testnet can produce block proofs within 3 seconds—ridiculously fast—and supports native Bitcoin constraints. This isn’t a toy; it’s capable of running DeFi and high-frequency trading. 4. Native sustainable BTC revenue loop (the most aggressive move) It doesn’t rely on inflation, airdrops, or VC hype. Gas fees, MEV, and sequencing rights revenue are all directly paid out in BTC to participants. Users can stake BTC into the sequencer or yield pools, earning real BTC. Once this economic model kicks in, there’s no need for storytelling to keep it alive—the network can sustain itself. Plus, their deep optimization of BitVM2: multi-round random challenges, shorter challenge windows, BTC-based promise to prevent double-spending in the sequencer set, garbled circuits + DV-SNARKs combo… They’ve turned the theoretically “usable but slow and expensive” BitVM2 into a practical, challenge period within a day, with acceptable exit costs. To sum it up: GOAT isn’t just “making Bitcoin L2,” they’re redefining what “true Bitcoin L2” really means. While others are still playing trust games in sidechains, Goat has already moved Bitcoin’s core principles—security, decentralization, self-custody—brick by brick onto L2. 🐐 😏