Fusaka: A new ecosystem for Ethereum as a source update — costs, images, and real impact

Ethereum spot ETF after last week’s negative cautionary note, the market is gradually recovering. At this time, December 3rd marks a major technical upgrade for Ethereum. Historical precedents show that every significant protocol upgrade influences price movements. But this time, Fusaka is not just about increasing speed or price — it’s a complete rebuild of the Ethereum mainnet.

Gas fees, L1 throughput, L2 load, node access costs — almost the entire network infrastructure is undergoing radical changes. While previous upgrades aimed to make Ethereum “cheaper” or “faster,” the Fusaka upgrade is focused on making the protocol “more scalable and stable.”

Due to increasing protocol complexity, the main chain’s resilience to load has become even more critical. AI Agents, high-frequency DApps, and new Web3 applications are primarily dependent on the reasons and consequences of this upgrade.

What does Fusaka change? The list of the most important updates

The core technical improvements in the Fusaka upgrade are aligned with a single goal: maintaining security and decentralization while enabling further scalability.

PeerDAS: More efficient storage of Blob data

Blob — this is Ethereum’s mechanism for uploading L2 transactions to the chain. The blobs introduced in the Dencun upgrade efficiently upload large data chunks into a “big box,” similar to placing large data into a “big container,” without requiring permanent storage.

However, before Fusaka, each node had to fully store every blob for data integrity. This led to storage bloat, network bandwidth pressure, and high node operation costs.

PeerDAS offers a new solution: Instead of full storage, blobs are split into 8 parts, with each node only storing a random 1/8 segment. The remaining 7/8 are stored across other nodes in the network.

How does the verification work?

A random sampling method is used. The security of this approach relies on the probability of error being between 10²⁰ and 10²⁴. If data is lost, nodes can quickly recover missing parts using coding techniques.

Practical results:

• Node storage load reduces by 8x
• Network bandwidth pressure significantly decreases
• Storage decentralizes, increasing security
• Requirements for end-user devices drop drastically

Improvements in Blob pricing mechanisms

Blobs in the Dencun upgrade are a cost-effective way to upload data to Rollups. But in practice, issues have arisen:

When demand drops, blob prices fall to zero — not reflecting actual resource consumption. When demand spikes sharply, prices surge instantly, causing sudden increases in Rollup costs and delays in block processing.

EIP-7918 was created precisely to address this problem. It introduces a cap on blob pricing — a minimum storage price.

Specifically:

• When prices fall below execution costs, the system automatically “slows down,” preventing prices from dropping to zero
• During high load, it limits the rate of price change, preventing demand spikes from causing instability

EIP-7892 makes Ethereum more friendly for L2s. It allows dynamic adjustment of blob capacity, count, and size — almost like a regulator. When parameters are changed in previous hard forks, the entire protocol had to be re-launched; now, the mainnet can adapt on the fly, immediately responding to L2 demands.

Validator update: Staking becomes more accessible

Initially, becoming an Ethereum validator was akin to professional sports. 32 ETH, high-end hardware, complex setup, days of synchronization. Almost impossible for ordinary people.

Fusaka changes this.

PeerDAS enables sampling of only about 1/8 of the blob data for verification. Result:

Becoming a validator becomes significantly easier.

According to data from the Fusaka testnet:

• Required bandwidth for validator nodes: approximately 25 Mbps
• Storage requirements are lower than initial estimates
• Hardware requirements are compatible with general consumer devices

This is because nodes no longer store the entire dataset, only a relative portion. Running validator nodes from home and sharing staking rewards becomes a reality.

Decentralized staking: More independent validators joining ensures a more resilient, secure Ethereum. Increasing validator count = increased load resistance.

L2 and DeFi: Lower costs, faster performance

Fusaka directly benefits L2. The costs of completing blob uploads drop sharply, impacting DeFi protocols directly.

Aave: Collateral liquidation windows shorten, liquidation costs decrease. The reason — lower L2 upload costs, faster liquidation transactions, reduced slippage risk.

Synthetix: Synthetic asset accounting time reduces. Increased blob capacity eliminates the need for large contract calls, improving efficiency.

High-frequency DEXs: Liquidity pools deepen, large trades can avoid slippage. Expanded gas limits and lower L2 costs boost liquidity efficiency.

Hidden changes in Ethereum’s technical infrastructure

Fusaka is the most powerful upgrade technically after Merge and Dencun. The numbers tell the story:

• Chain data capacity: 8x larger
• Transaction costs: sharply decrease
• Throughput: several times higher
• Validator hardware requirements: drastically lower

End-user device requirements also drop significantly — nodes no longer need to store full blobs, only sampled parts.

The future: Ethereum after Fusaka

Fusaka does not increase throughput directly but redefines the entire ecosystem. AI Agents, real-time payments, DeFi efficiency — all these depend on Ethereum becoming “smoother and cheaper.”

That’s why Fusaka is not just an upgrade but a new creation of Ethereum.

The coming weeks will reveal more. Just as the ecosystem evolved after Merge and Dencun, it will do so after Fusaka — but now in greater detail.